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- Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in orthopedic trauma patients and a call to implement the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen as a prospective screening protocol in the United States
- Victoria J. Nedder, Mary A. Breslin, Vanessa P. Ho, Heather A. Vallier
- J Trauma Inj. 2024;37(1):67-73. Published online February 23, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0068
- 766 View
- 10 Download
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material - Purpose
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and is associated with protracted recovery and worse outcomes after injury. This study compared PTSD prevalence using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with the prevalence of PTSD risk using the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS).
Methods
Adult trauma patients at a level I trauma center were screened with the PCL-5 (sample 1) at follow-up visits or using the ITSS as inpatients (sample 2).
Results
Sample 1 (n=285) had significantly fewer patients with gunshot wounds than sample 2 (n=45) (8.1% vs. 22.2%, P=0.003), nonsignificantly fewer patients with a fall from a height (17.2% vs. 28.9%, P=0.06), and similar numbers of patients with motor vehicle collision (40.7% vs. 37.8%, P=0.07). Screening was performed at a mean of 153.9 days following injury for sample 1 versus 7.1 days in sample 2. The mean age of the patients in sample 1 was 45.4 years, and the mean age of those in sample 2 was 46.1 years. The two samples had similar proportions of female patients (38.2% vs. 40.0%, P=0.80). The positive screening rate was 18.9% in sample 1 and 40.0% in sample 2 (P=0.001). For specific mechanisms, the positive rates were as follows: motor vehicle collisions, 17.2% in sample 1 and 17.6% in sample 2 (P=1.00); fall from height, 12.2% in sample 1 and 30.8% in sample 2 (P=0.20); and gunshot wounds, 39.1% in sample 1 and 80.0% in sample 2 (P=0.06).
Conclusions
The ITSS was obtained earlier than PCL-5 and may identify PTSD in more orthopedic trauma patients. Differences in the frequency of PTSD may also be related to the screening tool itself, or underlying patient risk factors, such as mechanism of injury, or mental or social health. -
SummaryCase Report
- Conservative treatment of corpus callosum hemorrhage due to a falling coconut in Indonesia: a case report
- Hanan Anwar Rusidi, Ferry Wijanarko
- J Trauma Inj. 2024;37(1):79-82. Published online January 12, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0052
- 494 View
- 14 Download
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Abstract
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- The potential for traumatic brain injury resulting from falling coconuts is frequently overlooked. These incidents can cause focal lesions in the form of brain hemorrhage. Corpus callosum hemorrhage due to blunt trauma from a falling object is rare and typically associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this report is to detail a case of corpus callosum hemorrhage caused by a coconut fall and to discuss the conservative management approach employed. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of unconsciousness, headache, and expressive aphasia after being struck by a falling coconut. Notably, hemorrhage was detected within the body of the corpus callosum, as revealed by imaging findings. The patient received intensive monitoring and treatment in the intensive care unit, including oxygen therapy, saline infusion, an osmotic diuretic, analgesics, and medication to prevent stress ulcers. The patient demonstrated marked clinical improvement while undergoing conservative treatment. Despite the typically unfavorable prognosis of these rare injuries, our patient exhibited meaningful clinical improvement with conservative treatment. Timely diagnosis and appropriate interventions were crucial in managing the patient’s condition. This report emphasizes the importance of considering traumatic brain injury caused by falling coconuts and highlights the need for further research and awareness in this area.
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SummaryOriginal Articles
- One year of treating patients with open fractures of the lower extremity in a new military trauma center in Korea: a case series
- Ji Wool Ko, Giho Moon, Jin Geun Kwon, Kyoung Eun Kim, Hankaram Jeon, Kyungwon Lee
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(4):376-384. Published online December 19, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0041
- 413 View
- 17 Download
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Abstract
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- Purpose
The Armed Forces Trauma Center of Korea was established in April 2022. This study was conducted to report our 1-year experience of treating soldiers with open fractures of the lower extremity.
Methods
In this case series, we reviewed the medical records of 51 Korean soldiers with open fractures of the lower extremity between April 2022 and March 2023 at a trauma center. We analyzed patients with Gustilo-Anderson type II and III fractures and reported the duration of transportation, injury mechanisms, injured sites, and associated injuries. We also presented laboratory findings, surgery types, intensive care unit stays, hospital stays, rehabilitation results, and reasons for psychiatric consultation. Additionally, we described patients’ mode of transport.
Results
This study enrolled nine male patients who were between 21 and 26 years old. Six patients had type II and three had type III fractures. Transport from the accident scene to the emergency room ranged from 75 to 455 minutes, and from the emergency room to the operating room ranged from 35 to 200 minutes. Injury mechanisms included gunshot wounds, landmine explosions, grenade explosions, and entrapment by ship mooring ropes. One case had serious associated injuries (inhalation burn, open facial bone fractures, and hemopneumothorax). No cases with serious blood loss or coagulopathies were found, but most cases had a significant elevation of creatinine kinase. Two patients underwent vascular reconstruction, whereas four patients received flap surgery. After rehabilitation, six patients could walk, one patient could move their joints actively, and two patients performed active assistive movement. Eight patients were referred to the psychiatry department due to suicidal attempts and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Conclusions
This study provides insights into how to improve treatment for patients with military trauma, as well as medical services such as the transport system, by revising treatment protocols and systematizing treatment. -
Summary
- Outcomes and physiologic responses associated with ketamine administration after traumatic brain injury in the United States and Canada: a retrospective analysis
- Austin J. Peters, Saad A. Khan, Seiji Koike, Susan Rowell, Martin Schreiber
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(4):354-361. Published online November 7, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0034
- 963 View
- 48 Download
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Purpose
Ketamine has historically been contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to concern for raising intracranial pressure. However, it is increasingly being used in TBI due to the favorable respiratory and hemodynamic properties. To date, no studies have evaluated whether ketamine administered in subjects with TBI is associated with patient survival or disability.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the multicenter Prehospital Tranexamic Acid Use for Traumatic Brain Injury trial, comparing ketamine-exposed and ketamine-unexposed TBI subjects to determine whether an association exists between ketamine administration and mortality, as well as secondary outcome measures.
Results
We analyzed 841 eligible subjects from the original study, of which 131 (15.5%) received ketamine. Ketamine-exposed subjects were younger (37.3±16.9 years vs. 42.0±18.6 years, P=0.037), had a worse initial Glasgow Coma Scale score (7±3 vs. 8±4, P=0.003), and were more likely to be intubated than ketamine-unexposed subjects (88.5% vs. 44.2%, P<0.001). Overall, there was no difference in mortality (12.2% vs. 15.5%, P=0.391) or disability measures between groups. Ketamine-exposed subjects had significantly fewer instances of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) compared to ketamine-unexposed subjects (56.3% vs. 82.3%, P=0.048). In the very rare outcomes of cardiac events and seizure activity, seizure activity was statistically more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (3.1% vs. 1.0%, P=0.010). In the intracranial hemorrhage subgroup, cardiac events were more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (2.3% vs. 0.2%, P=0.025). Ketamine exposure was associated with a smaller increase in TBI protein biomarker concentrations.
Conclusions
Ketamine administration was not associated with worse survival or disability despite being administered to more severely injured subjects. Ketamine exposure was associated with reduced elevations of ICP, more instances of seizure activity, and lower concentrations of TBI protein biomarkers. -
SummaryCase Reports
- Massive traumatic abdominal wall hernia in pediatric multitrauma in Australia: a case report
- Sarah Douglas-Seidl, Camille Wu
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(4):447-450. Published online November 7, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0023
- 458 View
- 10 Download
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Abstract
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- Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare presentation, most commonly reported in the context of motor vehicle accidents and associated with blunt abdominal injuries and handlebar injuries in the pediatric population. A 13-year-old boy presented with multiple traumatic injuries and hemodynamic instability after a high-speed motor vehicle accident. His injuries consisted of massive traumatic abdominal wall hernia (grade 4) with bowel injury and perforation, blunt aortic injury, a Chance fracture, hemopneumothorax, and a humeral shaft fracture. Initial surgical management included partial resection of the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and descending colon. Laparostomy was managed with negative pressure wound therapy. The patient underwent skin-only primary closure of the abdominal wall and required multiple returns to theatre for debridement, dressing changes, and repair of other injuries. Various surgical management options for abdominal wall closure were considered. In total, he underwent 36 procedures. The multiple injuries had competing management aims, which required close collaboration between specialist clinicians to form an individualized management plan. The severity and complexity of this injury was of a scale not previously experienced by many clinicians and benefited from intrahospital and interhospital specialist collaboration. The ideal aim of primary surgical repair was not possible in this case of a giant abdominal wall defect.
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Summary
- Traumatic tension enterothorax in New Zealand: a case report
- Monique Mahadik, Ashok Gunawardene, Aleisha Sutherland, Damien Ah Yen
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(3):258-260. Published online February 27, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2022.0062
- 1,160 View
- 38 Download
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Abstract
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- Traumatic rupture of the right hemidiaphragm occurred following a high-velocity motor vehicle collision in the case presented herein. The resulting herniation of small bowel loops into the thorax resulted in hemodynamic and respiratory compromise due to pressure effects on the right heart and major vessels. The patient’s hemodynamic status improved with reduction of enterothorax, and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired. We discuss the available literature and learning points from this rare case.
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SummaryOriginal Article
- Effect of use and type of helmet on occurrence of traumatic brain injuries in motorcycle riders in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
- Sowon Seo, Seok Ran Yeom, Sung-Wook Park, Il Jae Wang, Suck Ju Cho, Wook Tae Yang, Youngmo Cho
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(2):87-97. Published online December 9, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2022.0029
- 1,949 View
- 62 Download
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the association among helmet wearing, incidence rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and in-hospital mortality; TBI was diagnosed when the head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was ≥1, and as severe TBI when head AIS was ≥3; and (2) the association between helmet type and incidence rate of TBI, severe TBI, and in-hospital mortality of motorcycle accidents based on the newly revised Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) data.
Methods
Data collected from EDIIS between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed. The final study population comprised 1,910 patients, who were divided into two groups: helmet wearing group and unhelmeted group. In addition, the correlation between helmet type and motorcycle accident was determined in 596 patients who knew the exact type of helmet they wore. A total of 710 patients who wore helmet but did not know the type were excluded from this analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed in both the groups to investigate the factors affecting the primary (occurrence of TBIs) and secondary outcomes (severe TBI and in-hospital mortality).
Results
The prevalence of Injury Severity Scores, TBIs, and severe TBIs as well as in-hospital mortality were the highest in the unhelmeted group. Additionally, the results from the group that wore and knew the type of helmet worn indicated that wearing a full-face helmet decreased the incidence of TBIs in comparison to a half-face helmet.
Conclusions
The wearing of a helmet in motorcycle accidents is very important as it plays a role in reducing the occurrence of TBIs and severe TBIs and in-hospital mortality. The use of a full-face helmet lowered the incidence of TBIs. -
SummaryCase Report
- Incidental traumatic right diaphragmatic rupture: a missed case after trauma
- Fatima Alharmoodi, Shadin Ghabra, Salem Alharthi
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(1):56-59. Published online June 23, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2022.0008
- 2,177 View
- 52 Download
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Abstract
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- Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is among the most uncommon conditions after severe trauma, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is difficult and might be missed, but a multimodal investigation might help in terms of diagnostic yield. In this case report, we present a missed right diaphragmatic rupture 14 years after the trauma.
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SummaryOriginal Article
- Usefulness of intraoperative transcranial sonography in patients with traumatic brain injuries: a comparison with postoperative computed tomography
- Mahn Jeong Ha, Seung Han Yu, Jung Hwan Lee, Hyuk Jin Choi, Byung Chul Kim
- J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(1):8-14. Published online June 20, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0093
- 2,219 View
- 63 Download
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Abstract
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- Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between intraoperative transcranial sonography (TCS) and postoperative computed tomog¬raphy (CT) in patients with traumatic brain injuries.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 35 patients who underwent TCS during surgery, among those who presented to a regional trauma center and underwent decompressive craniectomy between January 1, 2017 and April 30, 2020.
Results
The mean difference between TCS and CT in measuring the midline shift was –1.33 mm (95% confidence inter¬val, –2.00 to –0.65; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.96; P<0.001). An excellent correlation was found between TCS and CT in assessing contralateral subdural hematomas (ICC, 0.96; P<0.001) and focal hematoma lesions (ICC, 0.99; P<0.001). A very good correlation between TCS and CT was found for measurements of ventricle width (ICC, 0.92; P<0.001).
Conclusions
TCS during surgery is considered an effective diagnostic tool for the detection of intraoperative parenchymal changes in patients with traumatic brain injuries. -
SummaryCase Report
- Traumatic abdominal wall hernia with hemoperitoneum caused by blunt injury: laparoscopic exploration with mini-laparotomy repair. A case report
- Euisung Jeong, Hyunseok Jang, Younggoun Jo, Yunchul Park, Naa Lee, Jungchul Kim
- J Trauma Inj. 2022;35(1):61-65. Published online December 23, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0062
- 2,680 View
- 66 Download
- 1 Citations
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Abstract
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- Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a very rare clinical entity. Herein, we report the case of a patient who was transferred from a local clinic to the emergency department because of left lower abdominal pain. Initially, an intra-abdominal hematoma was observed on computed tomography and no extravasation was noted. Conservative treatment was initiated, and the patient’s symptoms were slightly relieved. However, though abdominal pain was relieved during the hospital stay, bowel herniation was suspected in the left periumbilical area. Follow-up computed tomography showed traumatic abdominal wall hernia with hemoperitoneum in the abdomen. We performed a laparoscopic exploration of the injury site and hernia lesion. The anterior abdominal wall hernia was successfully closed.
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Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Unique laparoscopic emergency management of traumatic obstructed abdominal wall hernia: A case report and review of literature
Arwa M Aljuhani, Ghaith A Al Saied, Arjmand Reyaz, Mohammed A Alkahlan, Ibrahim M Aljohani, Muhammed M Abukhater
International Journal of Abdominal Wall and Hernia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Original Article- Characteristics of injuries associated with electric personal mobility devices: a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea
- Maro Kim, Dongbum Suh, Jin Hee Lee, Hyuksool Kwon, Yujin Choi, Joo Jeong, Sola Kim, Soyun Hwang, Joong Wan Park, You Hwan Jo
- J Trauma Inj. 2022;35(1):3-11. Published online October 28, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0044
- 16,696 View
- 119 Download
- 1 Citations
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
The increasing use of electric personal mobility devices (ePMDs) has been accompanied by an increasing incidence of associated accidents. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of ePMD-related injuries and their associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance database from 2014 to 2018. All patients who were injured while operating an ePMD were eligible. The primary outcome was the rate of severe injury, defined as an excess mortality ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score of ≥25. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of outcomes associated with ePMD-related injuries. Results: Of 1,391,980 injured patients, 684 (0.05%) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Their median age was 28 years old, and most injuries were sustained by men (68.0%). The rate of ePMD-related injuries increased from 3.1 injuries per 100,000 population in 2014 to 100.3 per 100,000 population in 2018. A majority of the injuries occurred on the street (32.7%). The most commonly injured area was the head and face (49.6%), and the most common diagnosis was superficial injuries or contusions (32.9%). Being aged 55 years or older (AOR=3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–11.36) and operating an ePMD while intoxicated (AOR=2.78; 95% CI 1.52–5.08) were associated with severe injuries. Conclusions: The number of emergency room visits due to ePMD-related injuries is increasing. Old age and drunk driving are both associated with serious injuries. Active traffic enforcement and safety regulations regarding ePMDs should be implemented to prevent severe injuries caused by ePMD-related accidents. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Types of injuries caused by isolated electric scooter accidents
Kyongwon Yoo, Hyung Il Kim
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2022; 35(4): 232. CrossRef
Case Report- Experiences of Emergency Surgical Treatment for a COVID-19 Patient with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury at a Regional Trauma Center: A Case Report
- Jung-Ho Yun
- J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(3):212-217. Published online September 30, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0073
- 3,229 View
- 72 Download
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Abstract
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Various medical scenarios have arisen with the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, the increasing number of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients has prompted reports of emergency surgical experiences with these patients at regional trauma centers. In this report, we describe an example. A 25-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room after a traffic accident. The patient presented with stuporous mentality, and his vital signs were in the normal range. Lacerations were observed in the left eyebrow area and preauricular area, with hemotympanum in the right ear. Brain computed tomography showed a contusional hemorrhage in the right frontal area and an epidural hematoma in the right temporal area with a compound, comminuted fracture and depressed skull bone. Surgical treatment was planned, and the patient was intubated to prepare for surgery. A blood transfusion was prepared, and a central venous catheter was secured. The initial COVID-19 test administered upon presentation to the emergency room had a positive result, and a confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was administered. The PCR test confirmed a positive result. Emergency surgical treatment was performed because the patient’s consciousness gradually deteriorated. The risk of infection was high due to the open and unclean wounds in the skull and brain. We prepared and divided the COVID-19 surgical team, including the patient’s transportation team, anesthesia team, and surgical preparation team, for successful surgery without any transmission or morbidity. The patient recovered consciousness after the operation, received close monitoring, and did not show any deterioration due to COVID-19.
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SummaryOriginal Articles
- Effects of Trauma-Related Shock on Myocardial Function in the Early Period Using Transthoracic Echocardiography
- Dae Sung Ma
- J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(2):119-125. Published online June 30, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0041
- 2,446 View
- 83 Download
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Abstract
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Purpose The present study aimed to analyze the effect of trauma-related shock on myocardial function in the early stages of trauma through transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings.
Methods We performed a retrospective review and analysis of the medical records of patients aged ≥18 years who were evaluated by TTE within 2 days of admission for trauma-related shock (n=72). Patients were selected from a group of 739 patients admitted with trauma-related shock between January 2014 and December 2016.
Results The incidence rate of myocardial dysfunction in the left ventricle (LV) was 6.8% (5/72), with rates of 7.7% (4/52) in the thoracic injury group and 5.0% (1/20) in the non-thoracic injury group. In the diastolic function of LV, relaxation abnormality was present in 55.8% (29/52) of patients in the thoracic injury group and 50% (10/20) of patients in the non-thoracic injury group.
Conclusions This study may suggest that traumatic shock without thoracic injury may influence myocardial function in the early stages after trauma. Therefore, evaluation of myocardial function may be needed for patients experiencing shock after trauma, regardless of the presence of thoracic injury.
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Summary
- Single-Center Clinical Analysis of Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injuries: A Retrospective Observational Study
- Dae Sung Ma, Yang Bin Jeon
- J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(2):81-86. Published online June 24, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0019
- 3,319 View
- 103 Download
- 1 Citations
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Abstract
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Purpose This study investigated the clinical outcomes of trauma patients with blunt thoracic aortic injuries at a single institution.
Methods During the study period, 9,501 patients with traumatic aortic injuries presented to Trauma Center of Gil Medical Center. Among them, 1,594 patients had severe trauma, with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of >15. Demographics, physiological data, injury mechanism, hemodynamic parameters associated with the thoracic injury according to chest computed tomography (CT) findings, the timing of the intervention, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.
Results Twenty-eight patients had blunt aortic injuries (75% male, mean age, 45.9±16.3 years). The majority (82.1%, n=23/28) of these patients were involved in traffic accidents. The median ISS was 35.0 (interquartile range 21.0–41.0). The injuries were found in the ascending aorta (n=1, 3.6%) aortic arch (n=8, 28.6%) aortic isthmus (n=18, 64.3%), and descending aorta (n=1, 3.6%). The severity of aortic injuries on chest CT was categorized as intramural hematoma (n=1, 3.6%), dissection (n=3, 10.7%), transection (n=9, 32.2%), pseudoaneurysm (n=12, 42.8%), and rupture (n=3, 10.7%). Endovascular repair was performed in 71.4% of patients (45% within 24 hours), and two patients received surgical management. The mortality rate was 25% (n=7).
Conclusions Traumatic thoracic aortic injuries are life-threatening. In our experience, however, if there is no rupture and extravasation from an aortic injury, resuscitation and stabilization of vital signs are more important than an intervention for an aortic injury in patients with multiple traumas. Further study is required to optimize the timing of the intervention and explore management strategies for blunt thoracic aortic injuries in severe trauma patients needing resuscitation.
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Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Patterns, management options and outcome of blunt thoracic aortic injuries: a 20-year experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Hassan Al-Thani, Suhail Hakim, Mohammad Asim, Kaleem Basharat, Ayman El-Menyar
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2022; 48(5): 4079. CrossRef
- Alcohol Intoxication and Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in Patients with Head Trauma
- Jisoo Park, Taejin Park, Jung-In Ko, Woonhyung Yeo
- J Trauma Inj. 2020;33(4):227-235. Published online December 31, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2020.0041
- 8,751 View
- 166 Download
- 1 Citations
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Abstract
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Purpose Alcohol intoxication is commonly associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the influence of alcohol on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on the GCS score in head trauma patients with alcohol intoxication.
Methods In total, 369 head trauma patients with alcohol intoxication in a 1-year period were retrospectively analyzed. The patients underwent head computed tomography and had a BAC ≥80 mg/dL. Patients were divided into TBI and non-TBI groups. Brain injury severity was further classified using the head Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). The effects according to 5 BAC groups were examined.
Results The TBI group consisted of 64 patients (16.2%). The mean BAC was significantly higher in the non-TBI group (293.4±87.3 mg/dL) than in the TBI group (242.8±89.9 mg/dL). The mean GCS score was significantly lower in the TBI group (10.3±4.6) than in the non-TBI group (13.0±2.5). A higher BAC showed a significant association with a lower mean GCS score in the TBI group, but not in the non-TBI group. Above ≥150 mg/dL, higher BACs showed significant odds ratios for a lower GCS score.
Conclusions The influence of alcohol in patients with head trauma depended on the presence of a brain injury. An association between a higher BAC and a lower GCS score was only observed in patients with TBI. Therefore, if a severe brain injury is suspected based on a GCS evaluation in patients with alcohol intoxication, prompt diagnosis and intensive care should be performed without delay.
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Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Intoxication and Glasgow coma scale scores in patients with head trauma
Callie Pina, Catherine A. Marco
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 80: 8. CrossRef
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