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- Epidemiology of Facial Bone Fractures During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Single Korean Level I Trauma Center Study
- Min Ji Kim, Kyung Min Yang, Hyoseob Lim
- J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(4):233-241. Published online December 24, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0098
- 3,581 View
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- 2 Citations
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Abstract
PDF Purpose The medical community has been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The management of facial trauma patients has been affected by the patient capacity of emergency rooms. In this study, we share our experiences of facial trauma management during the social lockdown period and investigate the epidemiological changes in facial bone fractures.
Methods A total of 997 patients who presented to Ajou University Hospital Emergency Center and were evaluated by plastic or maxillofacial surgeons for facial trauma were included in this retrospective study. Our study design was a comparative study of two groups: the 2019 group (control) and the 2020 group (the experimental group that experienced social lockdown).
Results The total number of emergency room inpatients reflected the national pandemic trends with three peaks in patient numbers. According to these trends, facial bone fractures had two different low points in August 2020 and December 2020. A comparison of the 2019 and 2020 facial bone fractures did not show a statistically significant difference in the total number of patients. An analysis of the causes of trauma showed that domestic accidents increased in 2020 (30.92%;
p <0.001). Among the anatomical sites of facial injury in surgical patients, the frontozygomatic complex fracture increased the most in 2020 (p =0.018). Facial injuries with two separate sites of injury or with three or more involved sites also showed a significant increase in 2020 (p <0.001).Conclusions We demonstrated that the incidence of facial trauma patients correlated with the incidence of patients presenting to the emergency department and that facial trauma is inextricably related to multi-trauma cases. Domestic accidents and facial trauma with multiple anatomically involved sites are increasing trends that need more attention.
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Citations
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- Changes in Injury Pattern and Outcomes of Trauma Patients after COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Myungjin Jang, Mina Lee, Giljae Lee, Jungnam Lee, Kangkook Choi, Byungchul Yu
Healthcare.2023; 11(8): 1074. CrossRef - The Trend of Change in Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries of Pediatric Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Regional Emergency Medical Center and Dental Hospital Study
Suebin Choi, Chankue Park, Jonghyun Shin, Taesung Kim, Eungyung Lee
THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DEN.2023; 50(3): 318. CrossRef
- Correlation Between Facial Fracture and Cranial Injury
- Seung Won Lee, Suk Jin Cho, Seok Yong Ryu, Sang Lae Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Sung Jun Kim, Ji Young Ahn
- J Korean Soc Traumatol. 2006;19(2):150-158.
- 1,323 View
- 1 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- PURPOSE
There are two theories about the relationships between facial fractures and cranial injuries. One is that facial bones act as a protective cushion for the brain, and the other is that facial fractures are the marker for increased risk of cranial injury. They have been debated on for many years. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between facial fractures and cranial injuries.
METHODS
A retrospective study was performed on 242 patients with facial fractures. The data were analyzed based on the medical records of the patients: age, gender, cause of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), alcohol intake, type of facial fractures, and type of cranial injury. The patients were divided into two groups: facial fractures with cranial injury and facial fractures without cranial injury. We compared the general characteristics between the two groups and evaluated the relationship between each type of facial fracture and each type of cranial injury.
RESULTS
Among the 242 patients with facial bone fractures, 96 (39.7%) patients had a combination of facial fractures and cranial injuries. Gender predilection was demonstrated to favor males: the ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 36.51+/-19.63. As to the injury mechanism, traffic accidents (in car, out of car, motorcycle) were statistically significant in the group of facial fractures with cranial injury (p=0.038, p=0.000, p=0.003). The ISS was significant, but alcohol intake was not significant. No significant relationship between facial fractures and skull fractures was found. Only maxilla fractures, zygoma fractures, and cerebral concussion had a significant difference in cranial injury (p=0.039, p=0.025).
CONCLUSION
There is a no correlation between facial fractures and skull fractures, which suggests that the cushion effect is the predominent relationship between facial fractures and cranial injuries. -
Summary
- The Relationship between Facial Fractures and Radiologically-proven Cranial Injuries
- Jin Woo Song, Ik Joon Jo, Sang Kook Han, Yeon Kwon Jeong
- J Korean Soc Traumatol. 2009;22(1):18-23.
- 1,059 View
- 1 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- PURPOSE
In this study, we retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with facial fractures and suspected cranial injuries in order to determine if there was any relationship between various facial fracture patterns and cranial injuries.
METHODS
Medical records were reviewed to identify patients diagnosed with facial fractures who underwent cranial computed tomography (CT) scans. Records were reviewed for gender, age, injury mechanism, facial fracture pattern, and presence or absence of cranial injuries. Facial fracture patterns were classified as isolated fractures (tripod, zygomatic arch, maxilla, orbit, and mandible), combined fractures, or total fractures. Cranial injuries included skull fractures, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages, subdural hemorrhages, epidural hemorrhages, and contusional hemorrhages. All cranial injuries were established by using cranial CT scans, and these kinds of cranial injuries were defined radiologically-proven cranial injuries (RPCIs). We evaluated the relationship between each pattern of facial fractures and the incidence of RPCIs.
RESULTS
Of 132 eligible patients with facial fractures who underwent cranial CT scans, a total of 27 (20.5%) patients had RPCIs associated with facial fractures. Falls and slips were the most common causes of the fractures (31.8%), followed by assaults and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). One hundred one (76.5%) patients had isolated facial fractures, and 31 (23.5%) patients had combined facial fractures. Fractures were found most commonly in the orbital and maxillary bones. Patients with isolated maxillary fractures had a lower incidence of RPCIs than those with total mandibular fractures. RPCIs frequently accompanied combined facial fractures.
CONCLUSION
Combined facial fractures had a significant positive correlation with RPCIs. This means that facial fractures caused by stronger or multidirectional external force are likely to be accompanied by cranial injuries. -
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