Journal of Trauma and Injury

Original Article

Traumatic degloving injuries: a prospective study to assess injury patterns, management, and outcomes at a single center in northern India: Divij Jayant, Atul Parashar, Ramesh Sharma; J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(4):385-392. Published online November 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0032

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Purpose
This study investigated the epidemiology, management, outcomes, and postoperative disabilities of degloving soft tissue injuries (DSTIs) treated at a tertiary care center in northern India.
Methods
A prospective study of patients with DSTIs was conducted over 15 months. The type of degloving injury, the mechanism of injury, and any associated injuries were analyzed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 along with the management, outcomes, and disabilities at a 3-month follow-up.
Results
Among 75 patients with DSTIs, the average age was 27.5 years, 80.0% were male, and 76.0% had been injured in traffic accidents. The majority (93.3%) were open degloving injuries. Lower limbs were affected most often (62.7%), followed by upper limbs (32.0%). Fractures were the most commonly associated injuries (72.0%). Most patients required multiple procedures, including secondary debridement (41.3%), split skin grafting (80.0%), flap coverage (12.0%), or vacuum-assisted closure (24.0%), while five patients underwent conservative management for closed degloving injuries. Postoperative complications included surgical site infections (14.7%) and skin necrosis (10.7%). Two patients died due to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.5±8.1 days, with injuries affecting the lower limbs and perineum requiring longer hospital stays. The mean WHODAS 2.0 disability score at 3 months was 19. Most patients had mild disabilities. Time away from work depended largely upon the site and severity of the injury. Approximately 75% of patients resumed their previous job or study, 14% changed their job, and 8% stopped working completely due to residual disability.
Conclusions
Closed degloving injuries may be missed in the primary survey, necessitating a high index of suspicion, thorough clinical examination, and protocol-based management. Primary preventive strategies (e.g., road safety protocols, preplacement training, and proper protective equipment in industries) are also needed to reduce the incidence of these injuries.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Lower extremity degloving soft tissue injuries: Patterns, treatment, and short-term Outcome in Sudan: A Sub-Saharan African setting
Ammar Ahmed Hassan, Osama Murtada Ahmed, Talal Mohammed Geregandi, Mohammed Yousof Bakhiet
Orthoplastic Surgery.2024; 17: 1. CrossRef

Case Reports

Management of a traumatic avulsion fracture of the occipital condyle in polytrauma patient in Korea: a case report: Chang Hwa Ham, Woo-Keun Kwon, Joo Han Kim, Youn-Kwan Park, Jong Hyun Kim; J Trauma Inj. 2023;36(2):147-151. Published online December 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2022.0058

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Abstract PDF: Avulsion fracture of the occipital condyle are rare lesion at craniovertebral junction. It is often related to high-energy traumatic injuries and show diverse clinical presentations. Neurologic deficit and instabilities may justify surgical treatment. However, the integrity of neurovascular structures is undervalued in the current literatures. In this case report, we described a 26-year-old female patient with avulsion fracture of occipital condyle following a traffic accident. On initial presentation, her Glasgow Coma Scale was 8. She presented with fracture compound comminuted depressed, on the left side of her forehead with skull base fracture extending into clivus and occipital condyle. Her left occipital condyle showed avulsion injury with displacement deep into the skull base. On her computed tomography angiography, the displaced occipital condyle compressed on the sigmoid sinus resulting in its obstruction. While she was recovering her consciousness during her stay in the hospital, the lower cranial nerves showed dysfunctions corresponding to Collet-Sicard syndrome. Due to high risk of vascular injury, the patient was conservatively treated for the occipital condyle fracture. On the 4 months postdischarge follow-up, her cranial nerve symptoms practically recovered, and the occipital condyle showed signs of fusion without further displacement. Current literatures focus on neurologic deficit and stability for the surgical decisions. However, it is also important to evaluate the neurovascular integrity to assess the risk of its manipulation as it may result in fatal outcome. This case shows, an unstable avulsion occipital condyle fracture with neurologic deficit can be treated conservatively and show a favorable outcome.; Summary

Sleeve Fracture of the Superior Pole of Patella in an Adolescent: Moon Jib Yoo, Jae Sung Yoo, Jee Won Ryu; J Trauma Inj. 2013;26(3):218-221.

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Abstract PDF: A patella sleeve fracture is a type of avulsion fracture in which a small osseous fragment gets, along with a sleeve of periosteum and cartilage, is pulled off from the patella. The avulsed sleeve of cartilage and periosteum is not apparent on plain radiographs, which can result in a missed diagnosis or an underestimate of the extent of injury. An avulsion or sleeve fracture of the patella in a child can occur at the superior or the inferior pole of the patella. However, most reported cases of sleeve fractures involve the inferior patellar pole, with fractures involving the superior patellar pole being very rare. The authors report a case of a sleeve fracture of the superior pole of the patella in an adolescent; the fracture was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was treated with surgery after early diagnosis. The course was uneventful, and the outcome was excellent.; Summary

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